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6 種指數基金類型以及如何選擇 

目錄

6 種指數基金類型以及如何選擇 

6 種指數基金類型以及如何選擇 

Vantage Updated Fri, 2024 March 22 09:09

在我們深入探討之前,請閱讀這篇介紹指數基金的文章。 

您可以找到的指數基金類型 

市場上有不同類型的指數基金。以下是其中的六個: 

#1 市值指數基金 

這一特定類別的指數基金的價值來自於指數所跟蹤的公司的市值[1]。 

這些指數基金的管理人將較大比例的基金分配給市值較大的公司,而不是採用均等分配模式。這意味著市值較大的股票在指數中的權重較高,而市值較小的股票的權重較低。 

因此,指數基金的表現將取決於具有較大市值的公司的表現。 

市值加權指數基金的例子包括:NIFTY 200 指數基金、納斯達克綜合指數和熱門的標準普爾 500 指數 [2]

#2 大盤指數基金 

大盤指數基金試圖複製代表股市很大一部分的大量股票的表現。他們試圖捕捉股票市場的整體表現,使其成為長期投資者考慮的投資工具[3]。 

您可以使用跟隨大盤股指數的大盤指數基金來實現投資組合多元化,例如威爾希爾5000總市場、羅素3000指數和先鋒整體股市指數基金 [4]。 

#3等權重指數基金 

等權重指數基金與市值指數基金的運作方式相反。 

等權重指數基金不是根據市值對指數中的每隻股票進行加權,而是採用平衡法。該指數中的每隻股票無論其市值如何,都具有相同的權重,從而消除了市值指數權重過高或過低的可能性[5]。 

例如,如果您的指數基金持有 10 家上市公司,則每家公司的權重相當於整個指數基金的 10%。 

等權重指數基金提供了更多的多元化。由於指數中的所有股票具有相同的權重,因此它們都對指數基金的表現產生了相同的影響。 

#4 行業指數基金 

行業指數基金也很受投資者的歡迎。這些基金專注於在同一行業或市場運營的公司[6]。投資者可以選擇行業指數基金來投資特定行業,例如科技、醫療保健、能源和金融。 

這些指數基金的表現與其所跟蹤行業的表現密切相關。行業指數基金的例子包括技術精選行業 SPDR 基金、金融精選行業 SPDR 基金和能源精選行業 SPDR 基金 [7]。行業指數基金可用於分散投資或抓住特定行業的機遇。 

#5 智能貝塔指數基金/因子型指數基金 

智能貝塔指數基金,也稱為因子型指數基金,提供了一種代替傳統市值方法創建指數基金的方式。這些基金是一種主動管理型基金,旨在戰略性地將投資組合轉向特定的股票指標[8]。 

創建指數基金時,除了市值外,還可以考慮股息率、市盈率(PE比)、現金流、帳面價值、銷售額等指標。納入這些指標有助於為指數投資組合選擇估值較高的公司。 

隨著先進計算機技術的出現,數據分析工具變得越來越複雜。這些工具可以分析複雜的數據流和財務指標以揭示見解。產生的數據可用於根據動量、質量、價值、波動性和其他特徵等因素對股票進行分組。

#6 定制指數基金 

典型的指數使用“一刀切”的模式。然而,隨著數據處理能力的提高,可以根據基金管理人或投資者的偏好進行更大程度的定制。這就是定制指數基金發揮作用的地方 [9]。 

定制指數基金通常採用比傳統指數基金更複雜或更有針對性的策略。與跟蹤現有市場指數不同,定制指數基金可以更自由地設計定制指數來選擇自己的投資組合。 

如何選擇合適的指數基金 

如果您是一名有風險意識的投資者,您可以考慮選擇指數基金,它可以作為分散和管理風險的資產。以下是選擇合適指數基金時的注意事項 [10]: 

研究指數基金的類型 

進行研究以了解現有指數基金的類型以及這些指數基金所跟蹤的投資組合。 

此外,還要深入探討這些指數基金過去的表現。考慮諸如牛市熊市期間的市場行為以及基金的年度回報等因素。 

查看基金中列出的公司 

了解指數基金中列出的公司有助於您做出明智的決定。您可以選擇包含您喜歡或偏好的一籃子股票的指數基金。始終選擇您熟悉的基金,並在可能的情況下尋求投資專業人士的建議。 

交易成本 

在選擇指數基金時,交易成本是一個重要的考慮因素。尋找低費用率的基金,避免交易費用高的基金。隨著時間的推移,這些成本會影響您的收益,因此盡可能選擇費用較低的基金是非常重要的。 

現在您已經學會如何選擇合適的指數基金,為什麼不將您的知識提升到一個新的水平呢?請查看我們的文章“4種熱門指數交易策略”,以進一步提高您對交易指數的理解。 

在 Vantage Markets 交易指數 

剛接觸像指數這樣提供即時多元化投資的交易產品嗎?立即在 Vantage Markets開設模擬帳戶並練習您的交易策略。在投入真實資金進行投資之前,請使用我們的虛擬資金在我們最先進的平台上測試您的策略的成功率。

參考

  1. “8 Types Of Index Funds: Definition, Strategies, And Risks – ET Money” https://www.etmoney.com/learn/mutual-funds/index-funds-definition-8-different-types-strategies-and-risks/ Accessed 15 Jan 2023 
  2. “Capitalization-Weighted Index: Definition, Calculation, Example – Investopedia” https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capitalizationweightedindex.asp Accessed 25 April 2023 
  3. “8 Types Of Index Funds: Definition, Strategies, And Risks – ET Money” https://www.etmoney.com/learn/mutual-funds/index-funds-definition-8-different-types-strategies-and-risks/ Accessed 15 Jan 2023 
  4. “What is Broad Market Index Fund – Angel One” https://www.angelone.in/knowledge-center/mutual-funds/what-is-broad-market-index-fund Accessed 25 April 2023 
  5. “8 Types Of Index Funds: Definition, Strategies, And Risks – ET Money” https://www.etmoney.com/learn/mutual-funds/index-funds-definition-8-different-types-strategies-and-risks/ Accessed 15 Jan 2023 
  6. “What are sector and specialty funds? – Vanguard” https://investor.vanguard.com/investor-resources-education/understanding-investment-types/what-are-sector-specialty-funds Accessed 15 Jan 2023 
  7. “Sector ETFs – State Street Global Advisors SPDR” https://www.ssga.com/us/en/intermediary/etfs/capabilities/sector-investing/sector-and-industry-etfs Accessed 27 April 2023 
  8. “What are factor-based funds? – Vanguard” https://investor.vanguard.com/investor-resources-education/understanding-investment-types/what-are-factor-based-funds Accessed 15 Jan 2023 
  9. “Custom Indexing: What it is, and why it could change the way we look at passive fund investments – Stockhead” https://stockhead.com.au/news/custom-indexing-what-it-is-and-why-it-could-change-the-way-we-look-at-passive-fund-investments/ Accessed 15 Jan 2023
  10. “How to Invest in Index Funds – The Motley Fool” https://www.fool.com/investing/how-to-invest/index-funds/ Accessed 15 Jan 2023
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